Jakarta, IDN Times - Hujan deras yang melanda sejumlah wilayah, Senin (3/12), memicu terjadinya banjir. Di Semarang, Jawa Tengah, hujan deras yang mengguyur sejak siang hari, membuat jalan berubah menjadi genangan air dan di beberapa tempat air mengalir dengan deras.
"Hujan deras melanda Kota Semarang menyebabkan banjir pada 3/12/2018 siang. Jalan berubah menjadi genangan dan di beberapa tempat air mengalir dengan deras," tulis Kepala Humas BNPB Sutopo Purwo Nugroho di akun Twitternya, @Sutopo_PN.
Dia mengungkapkan, BPBD dan aparat lain melakukan penanganan dan pendataan. Namun, dia mengimbau masyarakat waspada banjir-longsor.
1. Hujan deras sebabkan jarak pandang terganggu dan tenda roboh
Dari akun Twitternya, Senin (3/12), Sutopo melaporkan, hujan deras dan angin kencang terjadi di depan Paragon Mall Kota Semarang pada Senin siang.
Derasnya hujan membuat jarak pandang di depan Balai Kota Semarang menjadi terganggu. Tak hanya itu, hujan deras juga menyebabkan tenda roboh.
Sutopo pun mengimbau masyarakat berada di tempat yang aman. "Jauhi pohon dan baliho yang mudah roboh. Hindari di tempat terbuka," tulis Sutopo sambil me-mention akun @ganjarpranowo milik Gubernur Jawa Timur Ganjar Pranowo.
2. Hujan deras menyebabkan banjir di depan Kampus Unnes Semarang
Hujan deras menyebabkan banjir di depan Kampus Unnes Semarang. Sutopo menyinggung banyak kota yang tidak membangun drainase sehingga menyebabkan banjir saat hujan melanda.
"Lain kali kalau bangun jalan, jangan lup a bangun drainase. Banyak kota yang dibangun jalan tanpa drainase. Makanya saat hujan deras, jalan berubah jadi drainase. Habis banjir jalan pasti rusak," ujar Sutopo.7
Heat waves that make Chicago feel like Las Vegas. Warming ocean temperatures that displace Maine's lobsters. A year-round spike in disease-carrying mosquitoes in Florida.
These are just some of the ways climate change could play out across the country over the coming decades, according to the federal government's National Climate Assessment, released over Thanksgiving weekend.
The last time the United States issued a version of this report, in 2014, critics said it would be stronger if it focused more on the impact of climate change on the local level. The new version of the report does just that — giving scores of accounts of how human-caused climate change is damaging the U.S. today and how it’s projected to wreak more havoc in cities, states and regions by the end of the century.
Assembled by scientists and administrators from 13 federal agencies, here are six of the most dramatic findings from the fourth National Climate Assessment:
Midwest heat waves
If the world continues pumping out Earth-warming greenhouse gases at current levels, Chicago could see almost as many 100-degree days by the year 2100 as Las Vegas experienced, on average, from 1981 to 2010, the study predicts.
Chicago hit 100 degrees Fahrenheit less than once a year on average between 1976 and 2005, the baseline period the study used for comparison. With no reduction in emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the projected number of those very hot days would jump anywhere from 3 to 63 days per year by 2100, the study says. Las Vegas averaged 67 days with temperatures above 100 in the three decades ending in 2010, according to Jim Angel, state climatologist of Illinois, who helped draft the report.
The report acknowledges that there is a broad range of potential outcomes and that the degree of uncertainty about temperatures “becomes larger further into the future.” But it predicts a distinct warming trend across the Midwest.
(The report also said that Chicago could even approach Phoenix in the number of 100-degree days in the future. But one scientist involved in writing the Midwest chapter acknowledged to NBC News this week that the assertion had been in error. Phoenix recorded 110 days of 100 degrees or more, on the average, during the years between 1981 to 2010, far more than even the worst-case prediction for Chicago.)
A severe heat wave and drought that gripped the Midwest in 2012 has made the public more receptive to the idea that climate change is fueling severe weather, Angel said.
“There has been a lot more conversation than ever before on that topic,” Angel said. “And I think this new report will bring it to an even higher level.”
Unpredictable rainfall
Outsized rain downpours have destabilized coastal bluffs, triggering landslides and regularly shutting down parts of Amtrak’s busy Portland-to-Seattle train service.
Extreme weather in the Pacific Northwest has included severe drought, large wildfires, heat waves and record blooms of harmful algae. But the regular disruptions along the busy Cascades rail corridor have gotten particular attention from commuters. A total of 240 breaks in service between 2009 and 2013 because of landslides amounted to more than a quarter of all landslide shutdowns for the past century.
A flag, put up by volunteers helping search the area, stands in the ruins of a home left at the end of a deadly mudslide in 2014 in Oso, Washington. Elaine Thompson / AP
The Pacific Northwest is no stranger to rain, but the impacts of global warming have made precipitation in the region less predictable — with unusual dry periods followed by deluges, and attendant landslides, the report’s authors say. Climate change is expected to continue raising the risk of landslides in the future, the study says.
“These are commuter lines that people use between Seattle or Bellingham [Washington] and Portland. It’s been hugely disruptive,” said Kris May, an environmental consultant and lead author of the report’s chapter on the Northwest.
Devastating wildfires
Wildfires in the West have burned twice as much acreage since 1985 as they would have without climate change. And the area burned in the Sierra Nevada mountains could triple in the last three decades of this century, if humanity does nothing to check greenhouse gases, the report says.
The impact of severely dried brush and timber has been revealed in devastating terms in California in the last two years. The 2017 Thomas Fire burned more acres in Ventura and Santa Barbara counties than any fire in state history. And the recent Camp Fire killed more people, at least 88, and burned more residences, nearly 14,000, than any other California wildfire.
The projection for potential fires in the Sierra Nevada mountains compares the period from 1961 to 1990 to 2071 to 2100. The tripling of burned acreage is a worst-case scenario. If the world manages to meet the anti-warming goals set in the 2015 Paris climate accord, the wildfire damage would increase only slightly from the past, the report says.
“To go from fire potentially tripling to fire staying about the same is really significant,” said Patrick Gonzalez, a University of California, Berkeley climate scientist and a coordinating lead author for the study’s chapter on the Southwest. “That shows the real positive and dramatic benefits of reducing carbon pollution.”
Lobster on the move
The home grounds of lobster have shifted north and become more unpredictable, challenging fishermen to deliver one of New England’s most prized exports.
Temperatures on the northeast Atlantic coast are now climbing about 1 degree Fahrenheit roughly every 16 years, and the spiny sea creatures have been more resilient in the cooler waters to the north.
Lobster skippers in the seas south of Cape Cod brought in more than 2,000 metric tons of the catch at a peak in the 1990s, but caught few lobster in recent years. Off Maine, the catch has more than doubled over the same time period, before suffering a sharp decline last year.
The concern in Maine is that continued warming could drive lobster out of the area, just as warmer water did in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, said Kathy Mills, a research scientist at the Gulf of Maine Research Institute and a report co-author.
“There are communities that are extremely dependent on this fishery,” Mills said, “and the worry is that this very strong warming trend will come to Maine. If it does, the impact could be extremely acute.”
A Miami-Dade County mosquito control inspector sprays pesticide to kill mosquitos as the county fights to control the Zika virus outbreak in 2016. Joe Raedle / Getty Images
More mosquitoes
The prevalence of disease-carrying mosquitoes is expected to increase across Florida and much of the Southeast as temperatures warm. That could mean higher rates of dengue, Zika and other illnesses, according to the report, which does not give specific predicted figures.
Heat and humidity projections are such that the transmission of the diseases could become year-round in southern Florida, the climate assessment says. “Summer increases in dengue cases are expected across every state in the Southeast,” it adds.
The finding of particular susceptibility in the Southeast, with its warm and humid climate, follows an earlier report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which found that the number of cases of diseases from mosquito, tick and flea bites tripled in the U.S. from 2004 to 2016.
While mosquito season in Florida typically began around May with the arrival of the rainy season, higher average temperatures mean a longer breeding season and more vulnerability for humans.
Arctic erosion
Higher temperatures, longer periods of retreating sea ice and sea level rise have combined to create massive erosion along Alaska’s coastlines, particularly in the Arctic. In some places, including near Camden Bay, the shore has retreated by more than 100 feet per year, the report says.
The result is that entire communities, mostly of indigenous people, have been forced to build protective barriers or relocate to higher ground. A 2009 report by the Government Accountability Office found that 31 Alaska communities, along the Arctic and other seas, faced an imminent threat from erosion.
The village of Newtok on the Bering Sea recently received $15 million from Congress to help fund its relocation to a site it acquired in 2003 from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The village government hopes to begin the move by next year, though it hasn’t collected anything close to the estimated $100 million required to relocate the entire community of 354 people.
George Carl, the village council vice president, told Alaska Public Media he is still hopeful. “It’s like saving our people," he said, "in that small village.”
Menjelang akhir abad ini, banyak bagian dunia akan menghadapi enam bencana alam sekaligus, yang disebabkan perubahan iklim. Menurut para pakar, keenam bencana yang dimaksud mulai dari gelombang panas dan kebakaran, sampai hujan lebat dan ombak besar yang akan menghantam kawasan pantai.
Manusia akan menghadapi bencana besar yang disebabkan oleh interaksi berbagai peristiwa alam yang disebabkan peningkatan suhu bumi, kata Erik Franklin, pakar pada Lembaga Biologi Kelautan di Universitas Hawaii.
"Semua ini sedang terjadi sekarang dan akan terus bertambah gawat," kata Franklin kepada kantor berita AFP. Tingkat karbon dioksida, gas methana dan gas-gas rumah kaca lainnya yang dihamburkan ke atmosfer telah memicu berbagai bencana alam yang menimbulkan kesengsaraan pada manusia.
Peningkatan suhu bumi memicu musim kemarau panjang, gelombang panas, dan kebakaran hutan seperti yang kini sedang terjadi di negara bagian California. Sebaliknya, di kawasan yang biasanya lebih basah, justru terjadi hujan lebat dan banjir.
Di laut, peningkatan suhu memicu badai yang semakin besar yang menimbulkan bencana karena permukaan air laut yang terus naik. Sampai saat ini para pakar hanya mempelajari dampak perubahan iklim ini satu per satu. Mereka belum mempertimbangkan kemungkinan bencana yang diakibatkan oleh perubahan iklim ini terjadi sekaligus.
Tahun lalu, negara bagian Florida mengalami musim kering panjang, suhu panas yang mencapai rekor, lebih dari 100 kebakaran hutan, dan badai (badai Michael) yang paling kuat yang pernah menghantam kawasan itu. Kalau hanya memusatkan perhatian pada satu aspek saja dari bencana alam itu, mungkin kita tidak akan melihat bencana lain.
Karenanya, kita mungkin tidak membuat pernilaian menyeluruh tentang dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh perubahan iklim, kata profesor Camilo Mora dari Universitas Hawaii. Kemungkinan menghadapi berbagai bencana alam sekaligus tergantung dari apakah manusia bisa mengurangi emisi gas-gas rumah kaca dengan cepat. Perjanjian iklim yang ditandatangani di Paris tahun 2015 oleh 195 negara menyerukan supaya dilakukan usaha terkoordinir untuk mencegah kenaikan suhu bumi diatas dua derajat Celsius menjelang akhir abad ini.
Kalau emisi gas karbon dioksida berlanjut pada tingkat yang sekarang, kota New York kemungkinan akan dilanda empat jenis bencana alam sekaligus. Termasuk di antaranya adalah hujan lebat, kenaikan permukaan laut, dan ombak besar yang akan menghantam kota itu. Kalau itu terjadi maka kawasan-kawasan pantai di daerah tropis akan menghadapi bencana paling besar, kata para pakar iklim.
Lebih dari 500 warga di wilayah timur Australia dilaporkan meminta bantuan darurat setelah badai menghantam Kota Sydney dan sekitarnya. Kondisi cuaca tersebut memicu banjir bandang, pemadamam listrik, dan penundaan banyak jadwal penerbangan.
Rata-rata curah hujan tertinggi di Sydney dilaporkan terjadi hanya dalam waktu dua jam pada Rabu pagi setempat, menurut ahli meteorologi setempat.
Dikutip dari BBC pada Rabu (28/11/2018), pihak berwenang mengatakan sedikitnya 11 orang telah diselamatkan dari kendaraan yang terperangkap dalam banjir. Sementara, satu orang tewas dalam kecelakaan mobil.
Beberapa foto dan video yang beredar luas di kalangan warganet Australia menunjukkan sejumlah jalan, rumah dan stasiun kereta tergenang banjir.
Di saat bersamaan, dua orang polisi dilaporkan terluka akibat tertimpa pohon saat berusaha membantu seorang pengendara keluar dari kendaraannya.
Cuaca buruk pada Rabu pagi itu juga menyebabkan banyak tertundanya perjalanan transportasi umum di pusat keuangan Australia itu, termasuk lebih dari 50 penerbangan yang dibatalkan.
Biro Meteorologi Australia mengatakan kondisi tersebut merupakan hari paling basah di kawasan itu sejak November 1984.
"Intensitas curah hujan sangat fenomenal, 91 milimter jatuh dalam 90 menit," kata ahli cuaca, Rob Taggart, kepada kantor berita Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
BANGKINANG – Puluhan rumah warga di Kota Bangkinang, Kampar, Riau terendam banjir setelah hujan deras mengguyur wilayah itu selama seharian, Rabu (28/11/2018).
Selain rumah warga, banjir juga merendam sejumlah jalan raya dengan ketinggian air mencapai hingga 50 centimeter. Kondisi tersebut mengakibatkan aktivitas warga terganggu.
Para pengguna jalan khususnya pengendara sepeda motor harus memperlambat laju kendaraannya karena air masih menggenangi badan jalan.
Selain akibat hujan deras, banjir yang menggenangi sejumlah ruas jalan raya ini juga disebabkan tidak berfunsinya drainase akibat tersumbat sampah.
Seorang warga Bangkinang, Marwan mengatakan, banjir mulai datang sekitar pukul 03.00 WIB saat warga masih terlelap. Ketinggian air bervariasi mulai 50-70 cm. "Banjir di rumah-rumah warga ini ada yang sepinggang orang dewasa bahkan sampai atap rumah," katanya.
Menurut Marwan, setiap diguyur hujan deras kawasan tersebut bisa dipastikan terendam banjir. “Hampir tiap hujan deras kawasan ini selalu terendam banjir,” ucapnya.
Warga berharap pemerintah setempat dapat segera memperbaiki drainase yang tidak berfungi agar pembuangan air berjalan lancar.
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